GSR (glutathione disulfide reductase gene)
About GSR
Several genes are involved in the central nervous system including the LRP8 gene and the GSR gene. The GSR gene codes for the glutathione disulphide reductase protein and plays an important role in perceiving magnetic fields. In most pigeon species including rock pigeons, we see the normal wild-type GSR(CC). In racing pigeons, a GSR(T) mutation was found that causes a higher expression of the protein at the level of the visual pigment cells. Racing pigeons with this GSR(T) mutation would have a strong advantage with better magnetoreception and navigation ability. For breeding pigeons, the GSR(TT) double mutation will be of great interest.
Suitable samples
Feathers
- One set of 4-5 freshly plucked breast feathers or 2-3 tail or wing feathers
- Fallen moulting feathers, down feathers and blood feathers should be avoided. These sometimes contain insufficient DNA or can cause damage to the feather follicle when pulled out.
- Blood feathers are the new feathers that can be recognised by the blue sleeve at the base of the plume.
- To avoid contamination, the shaft (the end of the feather that comes out of the bird's skin) must not be touched with the hands
Blood sample
- Small amounts (capillary tube) are sufficient for accurate analysis
Cheek swab of a nestling
- A gentle way to collect DNA from young birds
- Caution: avoid mixing with food or food waste
Results
- Processing time 2-3 working days
- You will receive an email when your results and certificate are available on your personal portal