Myostatin (MSTN)
About Myostatin (MSTN)
Myostatin (MSTN) is a protein encoded by the MSTN gene. This protein regulates cell production in muscle and plays a role in inhibition of further muscle development. Myostatin is able to influence muscle fibre type and can therefore potentially also be used as an indicator to classify pigeons into ideal flight distances. Inhibition of myostatin signalling by changes in the gene resulted in reduced fat mass, increased lean mass and improved glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. This could therefore result in better endurance for long-distance flight. A C to T change (mutation) in the MSTN gene of pigeons has been found more often in highly muscular pigeon breeds, but is also present in racing pigeons. More research is required to find out if and how this mutation affects the performance of racing pigeons.
In horses, this marker has been used for some time and horses are classified into 3 distances based on their change in the MSTN gene. Further research is needed to know if we can also classify racing pigeons in this way.
- Short distance (C/C)
- Medium distance (C/T)
- Long distance (T/T)
Suitable samples
Feathers
- One set of 4-5 freshly plucked breast feathers or 2-3 tail or wing feathers
- Fallen moulting feathers, down feathers and blood feathers should be avoided. These sometimes contain insufficient DNA or can cause damage to the feather follicle when pulled out.
- Blood feathers are the new feathers that can be recognised by the blue sleeve at the base of the plume.
- To avoid contamination, the shaft (the end of the feather that comes out of the bird's skin) must not be touched with the hands
Blood sample
- Small amounts (capillary tube) are sufficient for accurate analysis
Cheek swab of a nestling
- A gentle way to collect DNA from young birds
- Caution: avoid mixing with food or food waste
Results
- Processing time 2-3 working days
- You will receive an email when your results and certificate are available on your personal portal